[[Category:OPS235]]{{Admon/note caution| Please take note! THIS IS AN OLD VERSION OF THE ASSIGNMENT| Doing your assignment '''This is part of your ongoing learning processan archived version. As such you will be tested on Do not use this material in future tests and exams. If you have any questions or need help, please consult your instructor in a timely manner. The due date for this assignment will not be extended. This assignment will be marked partially through demonstration or through the submission of filesOPS235 course.'''}}= OPS235 Assignment 2 =

Weight'''Due Date: 5% of the overall grade''' Week 13 <br/>Refer to your instructor for submission instructions

 {{Admon/important | Very ImportantIt is YOUR responsibility to Backup your centos3 VM for this Assignment! | Before making any changes You are required to frequently backup your system configuration, backup VM prior to exiting a work session during this assignment. Your instructor will NOT accept the original fact that your hard disk crashed and lost all of your work. If you properly backed up your VM images and xml configuration files into the <code>/backups</code> directoryto a USB, then you can purchase a new hard-disk or wipe and recreate your hard disk and restore your VMs.}}<br>

In this assignment, you will demonstrate the skills you have learned to this point by configuring two services: a '''database server ''' and a '''web server'''. You will install and use a database-backed web application, MediaWiki'''Wordpress''', to show that these services have been installed properly. Finally, you You will also configure the SELinux security system and the web server to serve files in the <code>public_html</code> subdirectory of each user's home directory, including a short web script.' In this assignment, you will attempt to maintain a high level of security, by using SELinux and the iptables firewall to guard against unauthorized access. This lab may be performed using any combination of your virtual machines and/or host disk pack. == About SELinux == SELinux stands for ''Security Enhanced Linux'' and is based on research performed at NSA and other locations. Where the normal Unix/Linux security system, based upon file permissions, is a ''discretionary access control'' system (DAC), SELinux is a ''mandatory access control'' system (MAC). This means that it attempts to enforce a consistent policy across the entire system, regardless of settings that any user has configured. SELinux decisions are based on the ''security context'' of system resources such as files and processes. The security context consists of a user, role, type, and sensitivity component; you can see the security context of files and processes by adding the <code>-Z</code> option to further enhance the <code>ls</code> and <code>ps</code> commands:  $ ls -lZ drwxr-xr-x. root root '''system_u:object_r:file_t:s0''' arm drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' arm2 drwxrwxr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' bin drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Desktop drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Documents drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Downloads -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora0.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora1.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora2.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora3.ks -rw-rw-r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' foo -rw-r--r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' hosts drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Music drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Pictures drwxrwxr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' play drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Public drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Templates drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Videos -rw-r--r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' x [chris@muskoka ~]$ ps -Z LABEL PID TTY TIME CMD '''unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023''' 2595 pts/1 00:00:00 bash '''unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023''' 2612 pts/1 00:00:00 ps The SELinux policy controls the interactions between security contexts. For example, the policy may specify that the Apache httpd webserver cannot read files in <code>/etc</code>, so if an attacker finds a way to make httpd (or a script run by httpd) read a file in <code>/etc</code>, SELinux will recognize that this is not normal and will deny the access. Since this is done at the kernel level, httpd will get a "file not found" error, even though the file is present, and there is no way for httpd to work around that error. === SELinux Context Commands === There are two main commands used to set the SELinux security context of files:# chcon - sets the security context of a file to a particular value#* Example: setting the ''type'' of a file: <code>chcon -t ''unconfined_t'' ''/tmp/foo''</code>#* Example: setting the user/role/type of a file: <code>chcon ''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t'' ''~/foo''</code># restorecon - resets the default security context of a file#* Example: reset the context of one file: <code>restorecon /etc/services</code>#* Example: recursively reset the contexts of all of the files in a directory: <code>restorecon -R ~</code> You can reset the default security context of the entire your computer system at the next boot with this command:  touch /.autorelabel === SELinux Booleans === SELinux policy can be tuned (without writing an entirely new policy) through the use of ''booleans'' or option switches. Each boolean can have a value of on (1) or off (0).

The <code>getsebool</code> and <code>setsebool</code> commands can be used to view and set SELinux boolean values'''NOTE:Do this assignment inside the centos3 virtual machine. '''

{|class="mediawiki sortable" border="1" cellspacingInstalling Packages=="0"!Command!Description|-|<code>getsebool -a</code>|Displays all SELinux booleans|-|<code>getsebool ''foo''</code>|Displays the SELinux boolean ''foo''|-|<code>setsebool ''foo'' ''value''</code>|Sets the SELinux boolean ''foo'' to ''value'' (where ''value'' is 0 or "off", or 1 or "on")|}

{{Admon/note|Takes Notes!|Take detailed notes of '''NOTE:''' This package may not be in the steps you perform from this point onwardmain repository.}}There a couple of options:

Install these packages using ''yum'':* '''httpd''' - this is the == Configuring Apache web server software. It provides the '''httpd''' service, which runs on port 80.* '''mysql-server''' - this is the MySQL database server. It provides the '''mysqld''' service, which runs on a Unix domain socket.* '''mediawiki''' - this is the wiki software used by this wiki, Wikipedia, and many other sites. It is a series of PHP scripts which are run by Apache httpd as requests are received, and it connects to a local database such as MySQL.==

=== Apache httpd =Configuring MySQL ==

# Start the httpd MySQL service (mysqld or mariadb) using the '''servicesystemctl''' command.# Confirm Ensure that the mysqld/mariadb service starts automatically during boot.# You may get messages after starting the MySQL service for the first time. Do not ignore these messages, it will tell you can connect how to your web server using set a web browser -- both from password and take other basic steps to secure the machine on which the MySQL server is running as well as from another machine on . Follow those instructions to set a password, recording the same networkdetail of what you do for later use. You should #* If you do not see any messages, research how you can secure the MySQL installation and set the MySQL-root password.#* Read those messages carefully, you are setting up a production MySQL server and there shouldn't be any "test page" databases or anonymous users or users without a password.# Configure this software Set your MySQL root password to start when your learn ID (without the system is booted@senecac.on.ca part).# Create a very simple HTML index page for This following part is challenging so take your systemtime and read the instructions to make sure you do it properly, we have to set up a dedicated user and place it database for wordpress:## Start by looking at <code> http:/var/www/html/indexcodex.wordpress.html <org/code>Installing_WordPress# Confirm that Using_the_MySQL_Client where you can view will find instructions for the index pagesetup.## You will need to run those commands in a centos3 terminal. If not, adjust ## Your adminusername is root## Your databasename is myblog## Your wordpressusername is your learn ID## The password should also be your iptables configuration as necessary, or check for errors in <code>/var/log/httpd</code>learn ID## Your hostname is localhost

=== MySQL =Installing and Configuring Wordpress ==

# Start the MySQL service Wordpress (mysqldlike most web applications).# '''When started for is not available in the first timeFedora repositories, this service will print a message telling you how to set a password it must be downloaded and take other basic steps to secure the the MySQL server.''' Follow those instructions to set a password, recording the detail of what you do for later use.# Configure this software to start when the system is bootedinstalled manually.

=== MediaWiki === # Edit MediaWiki's httpd configuration file, <code>/etc/httpd/confDownload the latest .tar.d/mediawikigz version from wodpress.conf</code>#* Uncomment the first two <code>Alias</code> lines#* Reload the httpd configuration using the <code>service</code> command# Access <code>http://localhost/wiki</code> on the machine on which the web server is running org into your centos3 (this will not work if done remotely, unless you use an ssh tunnel so that the access appears to be coming from the local hostwget). You will see the MediaWiki welcome page; click on the setup link.# Enter the setup information for your wiki:#* Enter a name for the wiki#* Enter your learn e-mail address as the contact information#* Disable all e-mail features#* Leave the database host as "localhost"#* Set up a database password#* Get MediaWiki to set up the superuser account by checking the appropriate box and entering the superuser password (''Extract it into 'Note:''' This is the database superuser password, NOT the root password).# Click the "Install MediaWiki!" button.# Once the setup is complete, you will need to move a file within the MediaWiki directory (inside <code>/var/www</code>). Refer to the directions in the confirmation web page. When you are done, you should be able to go to <code>http://'''hostnamehtml'''/wiki</code> from any directly-connected machine. === Serving Personal Web Pages === # Configure httpd Now we need to allow Apache to serve modify the <code>~/public_html</code> directories of your userswordpress installation. This will require changes To do this use chown -R to <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> as well as make the SELinux configuration. See the man page for <code>httpd_selinux</code> owner and group of every file and the Apache [http://httpd.directory inside wordpress "apache.org/docs/2.2/ httpd documentation] for details".# Prove that this works Check your work so far by creating a page in pointing your <code>~/public_html</code> directory. The URL will be <code>web browser to http://''hostname''centos3/wordpress/~where you will get an error starting with "There doesn''yourt seem to be a wp-user-id''/</code>config.php file"# Create a short web script which displays Copy the available disk space on the computerwp-config-sample.php file to wp-config. At its most basic level, a web script is php and edit the same as a regular script, with this additional requirementnew file:#* It must output Change the line "Content-type: text/plain" or "Content-type: text/html" (depending on whether DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD to the script output is plain text or HTML), followed by a blank lineappropriate values.# Name the script <code>~/public_html/diskfree.cgi</code> - The URL will be <code>Now go back to http://''hostname''centos3/wordpress/~''your-user-id''you should see a Wordpress Welcome/diskfreeSetup page.cgi</code># Configure httpd and SELinux to allow your script * Set the title to Your Name's Blog. For example for me it would be run from "Andrew Smith's Blog"#* Set the web. This will require changes password to <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpdyour learn ID.conf</code> as well as #* Set the SELinux configuration (possibly including both booleans and SELinux context)email to your Seneca email address. As with step 1#* Click "Install Wordpress", you should see the man page for <code>httpd_selinux</code> and the Apache [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ httpd documentation] for details. {{Admon/tip|Hint|Look for an a "add-handlerSuccess!" line in your httpd.conf filemessage.}}

Create Write a high-quality write-up of this assignment blog post on your wiki. Include at least these pagesnew blog explaining:# A main page* What is Apache, describing in general terms what you did and containing links to the other wiki pages, as well as a link to the page and script in your <code>~/public_html</code> directory.# A page for your httpd configuration. Along with a descriptionPHP, include the exact text of your httpd.conf file.# A page for your MySQL configuration. Along with a description, include the details of the steps you performed to set up MySQLand Wordpress.# A page for your SELinux configuration. Along with a description, include a list of all of your booleans * What problems (minor and their current settings. Show that the configuration is as tight as possible (e.g., don't change booleans unnecessarilymajor).# A page for your MediaWiki configuration. Along with a description, include your MediaWiki configuration file.# A page for your iptables configuration. Show you ran into during the exact iptables rules that are in effect. Demonstrate that the configuration is as tight as possible. The easiest way to create new page is to create a link to it from an existing page (such as the main page), installation and then follow that linkhow you solved them.

Resources Write a second post on wiki markupyour blog explaining:* [http://enAre you ready for the exam or not.* List the material you are strong on.wikipedia* List the material you are worried about.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup Wiki markup] - Wikipedia* [[Sandbox|Sandbox page on this wiki]] - examplesList any questions or topics you would like me to address during exam review.

{{Admon/tip|Bonus Opportunity!|Change the default icon in the upper-left corner of ''' Make your MediaWiki installation to a picture of your choosingposts look professional. Be sure that you have copyright clearance to That means use that image (e.g.good english, it is licensed to youheadings, bullet or it is a picture you own)numbered lists, etc.}}

== Submitting the Your Assignment ==

'''Due date:''' Your professor name will require be called in the lab on the due date for the assignment. If you to submit this assignment are not there when your name is called - you will lose 20% of your mark. In that case you may show me your submission in at least one the second lab that week instead. Assignments submitted after that will receive a grade of two ways:0, but must still be completed satisfactorily in order to pass the course.

# Demonstrate that the wiki is working.# Use wget === Ready to harvest the wiki pages:#* Issue the command: <code>wget -prk http://''hostname''/wiki</code>#* Create a compressed tar file containing the results. (name the file <learnid>-a2.tgz)#* Submit it to your professor in the manner he specifies.show ===

Check with your professor for Open one or more terminals in c7host, SSH to centos3 from those terminals, and have the submission details for your sectionfollowing ready:* The correct RPMs are installed* Output showing firewall has been properly set up* Output of chkconfig --list mysqld* Output of chkconfig --list httpd* MySQL output of: show databases; use mysql; select User,Password from user; use myblog; show tables;* Output of ls -la /var/www/html/wodpress/* Output of head -30 /var/www/html/wodpress/wp-config.php* Open a firefox with http://centos3/wordpress/

=== Sections A & B - Chris Tyler Rubric ===

* Submit online through this link[[Category: https://cs.senecac.on.ca/~andrew.grimo/ops235/a2/ by 11:59pm, Friday, August 13. == Assessment == * 50% - completion of steps - quality of configuration, iptables and SELinux configuration as tight as possible* 50% - documentation on the wiki - quality of writing, quality of presentation, and accuracy and completeness of information* +5% - bonus for replacing the wiki logoOPS235]]