SRT210 Lab 3

Objectives

• Understand how port forwarding works and how it relates to security.
• Set up port forwarding using iptables.
• Understand fundamental concepts that make up SELinux.
• Troubleshoot problems caused by SELinux.

PART 1: FIX IPTABLES MISTAKES

Most of you will have experimented with iptables last week and have made mistakes, which should be fixed before you start this week's lab. Here are some tips:

• You should start with the default iptables setup which you got when you installed iptables-services. If you've lost that - you can get it back by by putting the default values into /etc/sysconfig/iptables:

# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# sample configuration for iptables service
# you can edit this manually or use system-config-firewall
# please do not ask us to add additional ports/services to this default configuration
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

• Then re-add the rules you created last week, and make them persistent by running service iptables save

PART 2: NAT

This website has a decent overview of port forwarding.

• We'll set up your lin1 machine to be a web server accessible from the internet (in our case specifically that means accessible from the Seneca network).
• Create a text file on lin1 named index.html in the /var/www/html directory with the following contents (replace Andrew with your name):

Hello, this is Andrew's web server on lin1.

• Feel free to add as much HTML in there as you like.
• Confirm that:
  • Apache on lin1 is running, and accessible from lin1.
  • It's accessible from c7host
• Notice that if you try to access 192.168.210.11 from outside your vmware environment - there will not be a route to get to it.
• Try to go to the Seneca IP address of your c7host using a web browser on your VMware host (Windows for lab machines). That should also not work but at least you should have a route to it.
  • Note that if you're using a laptop on wireless - you probably have your c7host network adapter set to NAT instead of bridged mode. If that's the case - you might need to modify some steps from this lab.
• Now we'll configure port forwarding so that any requests to TCP port 80 arriving at c7host will be forwarded to lin1:

iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.210.11:80
iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp -d 192.168.210.11 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

• Don't just run those commands blindly - understand what they do.
• Try accessing your c7host from a web browser again. You should see the web page from your lin1 web server.

NAT as a security tool

Note that there is plenty of nonsense on the internet, and lots of Google results will tell you that NAT is absolutely definitely not supposed to be used for securing systems online. Use your own brain to make your own decisions. I encourage you to ignore loud proclamations of fact that are missing any specific technical explanation and real-world examples.

A machine on a private subnet is not addressable from the internet. So out of the box you don't need to worry about port scans, brute force attacks, and services that were running by default that you didn't know about or didn't pay attention to.

In order to allow access to a machine on a private subnet you have to make a whitelist on the router, with every explicit service that's supposed to be accessible on your internal machine. All things being equal - a whitelist provides a greater level of security than a blacklist.

And at the end of the day if you screw up the setup of your router: the worst thing that will happen is that your internal service will be inaccessible. From a security point of view that is much better than a screwup with a firewall (on each system on a network) which can make every system and service accessible to everyone on the internet.

PART 3: YOUR TASKS

Use what you learned so far and what you can learn online in order to set up the following:

1. Fix any problems with your firewall from last week.
2. Set up access to lin1's Apache from the Seneca network, and test it. Ideally test it with other students' help.
3. Set up lin2 (192.168.210.12) the same way you set up lin1. Make sure you have the firewall and networking tools installed, but you don't need Apache on it.
4. Set up IPTables on c7host to forward SSH requests to port 2221 to go to the SSH server on lin1, and port 2222 to go to the ssh server on lin2.

Lab completion

• Make sure you understand what you've done in this lab, so that you're ready to answer questions about it.
• Have notes in your labbook from this lab.
• Show your work to the professor and have them sign your labbook.