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OPS235 Lab 5 - Fedora17

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[[Category:OPS235]] {{Admon/caution|DraftLab|This lab has NOT been released for regular distribution. When the lab is ready to be released, this caution banner will disappear.}} =OPS235 Lab 5 - Archiving Files, Compiling Software Packages from Source, Managing Services=
[[Category:OPS235]][[Category:OPS235 Labs]]
==Overview==
* In this lab, you are going to help conserve disk space by learning how to compress and decompress files that are stored on your computer server. In addition, you will learn alternative methods of how to install programs (via git, and decompressing zipped tarball archives and then compiling source code).
* In addition, you will learn about how certain processes (services) work, and how the system administrator can manage these services (i.e. turn "on" and "off").
 
==Objectives==
==Required Materials (Bring to All Labs)==
* '''Fedora 16 17 LIVE CD''' - You can burn this onto a CD-R in the Open Lab* '''Fedora 16 x_64 17 x86_64 Installation DVD''' - You can burn this onto a DVD-R in the Open Lab (or burn image onto a DVD+R if you are using the Freedom Toaster).* '''SATA Hard Disk''' (in removable disk tray)* '''USB Memory Stick''' (minimum 64M)* '''Lab Logbook (Lab5 Reference Sheet)''' (to make notes and observations).
==Prerequisites==
|- valign="top"
|
*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/tar.81.php tar]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/gizgzip.81.php gzip]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/gunzipizgunzip.81.php gunzipzip]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/make.81.php make]*[http://schacon.github.com/git/git.html git]
|
*[http://www.linuxcertif.com/man/1/systemctl/ systemctl]
* [http://www.centos.org/docs/2/rhl-gsg-en-7.2/s1-zip-tar.html archiving with tar, gzip, gunzip]
* [http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/softinstall.html Compiling Software from Source Code]
* [http://schacon.github.com/git/everyday.html Using git]
* [[init vs systemd]]
 
==Archiving Files / Compiling Software from Source Code==
{{Admon/note|Use fedora3|Perform these steps in the '''fedora3''' virtual machine.}}
#Boot up your '''fecora3fedora3''' VM.
#Change your working directory to <code>/usr/share/doc/sudo*</code>
#Use the tar (tape archiver) command to create an archive file named <code>/tmp/archive1.tar</code>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 1 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
===Investigation 2: How do you restore files from an archive?===
#Repeat the previous command, leaving out the option "z". Does it work? Why?
#Compare the <code>README</code> file in this directory with the original file. Are they exactly the same?
 
'''Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
In order to build software from source code, you must have the appropriate software development tools (such as make and gcc) and libraries (such as GTK) installed. The required tools will vary depending on the computer languages used in the software being built.
#Boot up your '''fecora2fedora2''' VM.<!-- corrected a couple typos Eric D.--># Issue the following command to install a basic set of development tools and libraries:<br /><code>yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"</code>.
{{Admon/note|Installing Development Libraries|In the future, remember the above procedure whenever installing software from source. Sometimes, you need to install additional tools or libraries in order to compile a particular software package}}
</ol>
==='''Answer the Investigation 4: Using git===3 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
{{Admon/note|Use '''VM NAME'''|Perform these steps in the '''NAME''' virtual machine.}}==Managing Run-Levels and System Services==
#Insert Lab investigation instructions here. ==Managing System Services== ===Investigation 54: How do we Manage Runlevels?===
{{Admon/note|Use fedora2|Perform these steps in the '''fedora2''' virtual machine.}}
Runlevel The runlevel command is a Unix/Linux term relating to the operating systemnow deprecated in Fedora, and has been replaced by '''systemctl'''s mode of operation. For example, if the operating The newer system operates in text-based or graphical mode, reboot, shutdown, etc. {{Admon/important| Security Advice | We have seen that maintaining unneeded packages can be called '''systemd''' is a security risk due newer method to the unnecessary increase in the complexity of your help simplify controlling both runlevels (referred to as "targets" and system. Similarly, it is also unnecessarily hazardous, and even more so, services (referred to leave unneeded as "services running"). In this investigation, we will learn how Refer to control services, the tutorial [[init vs systemd]] for systemctl command usages and turn off those that we think are not necessaryreference.}}<ol>#Determine your current runlevel using <li>Issue the following Linux command: <ul> <li><code>runlevelsystemctl list-units --type=target</code> command.</li>#Change to the appropriate startup directory in a terminal window. For example, if your runlevel is 4, change to <code/ul>/etc/rc.d/rc4.d </codeli>#Observe <li>Note the target labelled graphical. Now trace the names chain of the symbolic links in that directorystarting at /etc/systemd/system/default. What is the target (destination) of the links - what's it ultimately pointing to?</li># If you are not using <li>Issue the following commands to switch the graphical user interface default mode (GUIalso known as target, formerly runlevel), use the ''startx'' command to start it: <ul> <li><code>rm /etc/systemd/system/default.#Run the menu option target</code>System</li>Administration <li>Services</code>ln -s /lib/systemd/system/multi-user. target You will then see the Service Configuration screen/etc/systemd/system/default.#Find the target</code>bluetooth</codeli> </ul> <li> service and select customize from the tool bar. and deselect the checkbox for Restart your runlevel from step 1fedora2 VM. Quit the app.#Return to the terminal window you used in Step 2. Get a listing of the symbolic links in the startup directory. Is it any different from what you observed previouslyWhat happens?</li>#Using the Service Configuration screen, re-enable the <codeli>bluetoothLog into your regular user account.</codeli> service. #Check <li>Issue the symbolic links again. What has changed this time?#Run this following Linux command:#* <ul> <li><code>chkconfig bluetooth offstartx</code></li>#Now what has changed in the directory? </ul>#Run this command: </li>#* <codeli>chkconfig bluetooth onWhat happens?</codeli>#Now what has changed?#Run the command:#* <codeli>chkconfig Log--listoff your graphical system. You should return to your shell prompt.</codeli>#What does <li>Issue the output show?following commands: <ul>#What is the relationship between the Service Configuration tool, the symbolic links in the startup directory, and the <li><code>chkconfigrm /etc/systemd/system/default.target</code> command?</li>#You can also use <codeli>chkconfig</code> to set services to be on or off for certain runlevelsln -s /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target /etc/systemd/system/default. For example, to turn httpd on for runlevel 4, we issue the command:#*target</code>chkconfig --level 4 httpd on</codeli>#To turn it off, we type:#* <code/ul>chkconfig --level 4 httpd off </codeli>#To increase <li>Reboot your computer's security, make sure these services are disabled:#*btseed, bttrack, cups, irda, mdmonitor, netfs, nfs, nfslock, pcscd, rpcgssd, rpcidmapd, rpcsvcgssd, sendmail, ypbindfedora2 VM.What Happens?</li>{{Admon</note|Determining Required Services|You should understand that while most services in this list are often not needed, or are needed under circumstances different than those which occur here, there may be situations in which some of them are required, and it may be up to you as an administrator to determine which services are needed, and which should be turned off.ol>
You can find out some basic information about a particular service by querying <code>rpm<'''Answer the Investigation 4 observations /code> for information about the package that installed the service file questions in <code>/etc/rc.d/init.d</code>your lab log book. For example, to find out about the <code>cups</code> service, execute: <code>rpm -qif /etc/rc.d/init.d/cups</code>}}'''
===Investigation 65: How do we Manage System Services?===
{{Admon/note|Remain in your fedora2 VM|Perform these steps in the '''fedora2''' virtual machine.}}
We have seen that maintaining unneeded '''packages can be a security risk''' due to the unnecessary increase in the complexity of your system. Similarly, it is also unnecessarily hazardous, and even more so, to leave unneeded services running. In this investigation, we will learn how to '''control services, and turn off those services that we think are not necessary to help reduce security risks'''.}}
#x<ol>#x <li>Issue the following Linux command: <ul> <li><code>systemctl list-units --type=service</code></li> </ul> </li> <li>Note the services that are currently running.</li> <li>Refer to the tutorial ([[init vs systemd]] ) to learn how to use the systemctl command to stop the service named '''iptables'''</li> <li>Issue the systemctl command to verify that this service has stopped.</li> <li>If you reboot now - the iptables service will be turned back on. We don't want it on though, it causes students headaches. To turn it off permanently we need to disable the service. Refer to the tutorial ([[init vs systemd]] ) to learn how to use the systemctl command to disable the service named '''iptables'''</li> <li>Reboot and confirm that it's no longer running.</li></ol> '''Answer the Investigation 5 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
==Completing the Lab==
Arrange evidence for each of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to check each item:
#[ Compressed files: ] <code>/tmp/fstestarchive1.tar.gz</code> filesystem counted with files copied to itand <code>/tmp/archive2.tgz</code>#[ ] <code>nled</code> application is installed#[ ] Correct services are disabledLab5 notes how to use systemctl commands#[ ] <code>/lab5</code> has an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>VMs backed-up
==Preparing for the Quizzes==
#What is the advantage of disabling services such as bluetooth?
#What is the difference between a .tgz file and a .tar.gz file? What do these stand for?
#How do you ensure that a filesystem What is mounted every time the system is started?#How is creating and using a filesystem in a file different from creating and using a filesystem in a block device (such as purpose of a partition)repository?
#What is source code?
#How do you build software from source code?
#Which is preferred: installing from an RPM file, or installing from source code? Why?
#How do you use <code>chkconfigsystemctl</code>?to:#The startup directory for each *list runlevel contains symbolic links. Where are the targets of the symbolic links#*list services#*stop a service#*start a service#*Why is it important to learn how to manage services?#When you use the menu option System>Administration>Services, what program *Why is runit important to stop certain services? 
{{Admon/important | Backup your work |Backup your disk images for fedora2 and fedora3 Virtual Machines.}}
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