View source for OPS705 Lab 2 (2211)

= LAB PREPARATION =

=== Purpose / Objectives of Lab 2 ===
In this lab, you will learn how to create Windows and Linux virtual machines using a pre-built image, how to remotely connect to each, and basic management of these VMs from the Amazon Web Services (AWS) web interface. These two VMs will be used extensively in your later labs. This lab assumes you have completed [[OPS705_Lab_1 | Lab 1]] successfully. Refer back to that lab for reminders on the basics of the AWS Console interface.

While you are working through this lab, it is highly recommended that you write down general notes and commands to help you remember how to do this lab. You may use your notes during tests, so fill it out accordingly!

If you encounter technical issues, please contact your professor via e-mail or in your section's Microsoft Teams group.

=== Minimum Requirements ===
Before beginning, you must have: 
# Successfully completed [[OPS705_Lab_1 | Lab 1]]
# Watched the Week 2 video lecture
# Read through the Week 2 slides, and have them handy as a reference for concepts
# Your Seneca login credentials

= INVESTIGATION 1: Managing a Windows Server 2019 VM in AWS EC2 =
In this investigation, you'll create, configure, and manage a Windows Server 2019 Virtual Machine using Amazon Web Services and a pre-built image. This means no tedious and time-consuming Windows installation! You'll also login to the VM remotely, using Microsoft's Remote Desktop Protocol to share its desktop.

== Part 1: Creating A Windows VM From An Image ==
We will now create a virtual machine in AWS using the EC2 service.
# Login to AWS Educate, and navigate to the AWS Management Console. Refer to [[OPS705_Lab_1 | Lab 1]] if needed.
# In the AWS Management Console, click on the ''Launch a virtual machine'' link.
# From here, you can select from a number of pre-built VM images. In AWS, these are called ''Amazon Machine Images'', or AMIs.
# In the search bar, type the following and hit Enter: '''Windows Server 2019 Base'''
# Click ''Select'' next to the entry ''Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Base''. (Note: NOT the one with Containers)
# You are now in the ''Choose an Instance Type'' screen. This should look familiar to you. It's here that we select the virtual hardware we want to assign our VM.
# Select '''t2.large'''. This is the entry with 2 vCPUs and 8 GiB of memory.
# To advance to the next screen, click on the bottom right button labeled ''Next: Configure Instance Details''
# In the ''Configure Instance Details'' screen, leave all the defaults as they are. Feel free to look through the options, but don't change them.
# To advance to the next screen, click on ''Next: Add Storage''
# As with the previous screen, leave the defaults. Notice the ability to change how much storage is allocated, and the option to add more virtual drives.
# Click the ''Next'' button again to advance to the ''Add Tags'' screen.
# Here, you can add a tags (a key-value pair) to help organize your work. Remember this for the future.
# At the very top of your browser window, click on the link '''7. Review''' to skip ahead.
# Review your settings (what little you have!) and click the blue '''Launch''' button at the bottom right.
# A dialog box pops up asking you about key pairs. In the first drop-down menu, select ''Create a new key pair.''
# In the ''Key pair name'' text box, enter your Seneca user ID and the course as such: '''cjohnson30-ops705''' (substitute your Seneca user ID)
# Click the ''Download  Key Pair'' button. You will need this file to decode the password to your new VM. '''DO NOT SKIP THIS STEP!'''
# Click on ''Launch Instance''.
# Once the ''Launch Status'' page shows up, click on '''View Instances'''.
# You are now in the EC2 console, with a listing of all virtual machines that currently exist in your account.
# Click on the new entry to view the VM instance. This will display information about the VM, as well as its current state.

== Part 2: Accessing Your Windows VM Remotely Using RDP ==
In this section, we'll discover how to remotely connect to the Windows Server's desktop environment over the Internet from your computer.
# From the Instance details page of your new VM in AWS, click on the '''Connect''' button near the top-right of your browser window.
# Don't be alarmed by the red warning!
# Click on the '''RDP client''' tab button near the middle of your screen.
# From the RDP client tab, click '''Download remote desktop file'''. You'll be able to open this directly in your favourite RDP client on your personal computer and it will automatically supply the host address, port number, and username for this VM. But don't open it yet.
# Next to the ''Password'' entry in the RDP client tab, click the '''Get password''' link.
# This is where you decrypt the password that was automatically set up for you. Click the '''Browse''' icon and select the key pair file you downloaded in Part 2.
# The text box below '''Browse''' should fill with key information. Click on the '''Decrypt Password''' button.
# You now have your password! Open the remote desktop file from Step 4 in an RDP client on your personal computer, and paste the password from this screen when asked.
# In a few moments, you should be connected to a brand-new Windows Server 2019 VM!
# Once connected, open Notepad, and write <code>My name is ''insertFullName'', and I've completed the AWS Windows Server VM investigation!</code> Save the file to your VM's desktop, with the filename ''yourSenecaUsernameAWS.txt''.

== Part 3: Managing your Windows VM from the AWS UI ==
# Go back into the Instance details page for your new VM.
# As noted earlier, this screen contains details about the VM along with its current status.
# A the top right of this page, you'll find the '''Instance state''' drop-down button. From here, you can stop the instance, start it, hibernate it (in certain cases), reboot, and terminate. Note: As mentioned in our lecture, the '''Terminate''' option will delete your VM!
# You can also shutdown Windows normally through your RDP connection instead, and it will fully stop the VM itself once the OS shuts down. No need to stop the instance in AWS if you use this method.
# At this point, power down your VM. Either do so from within your RDP connection, or click the '''Stop instance''' option in the AWS ''Instance state'' drop-down menu.

== Part 4: A Note About Resource Usage ==
Keeping our costs down is important. When you aren't using a resource (like a VM), make sure it's in a stopped state.

You've been allocated $50 in AWS credits for the course, and that should be more than enough for the remaining labs. Please be responsible with your usage!

= INVESTIGATION 2: Managing a Linux VM in AWS EC2 =
In this investigation, we'll create, configure, and manage a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Virtual Machine using Amazon Web Services. This version of the OS is command line only, so you'll be using SSH to remotely connect to the VM and issue basic commands. This VM will be used extensively in Lab 3.

== Part 1: Creating A Linux VM From An Image ==
To create your Linux VM, follow the steps from ''Investigation 1, Part 1'', but with the following settings:

# '''Amazon Machine Image (AMI):''' Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (HVM), SSD Volume Type
# '''Instance Type:''' t2.micro
# '''Configure Instance Details:''' Leave all options as they are.
# '''Add Storage:''' Leave all options as they are.
# '''Add Tags:''' Leave all options as they are.
# '''Configure Security Group:''' Leave all options as they are.
# Finish the Instance creation. Use the same key pair from Investigation 1! (Option: Choose an existing key pair)

== Part 2: Accessing Your Linux VM Remotely Using SSH ==
[[Image:Ops705_lab2_fig19.png|thumb|right|500px|Figure 5. The ''Connect to instance > SSH client'' page.]]
We will be accessing our new Linux VM remotely using SSH, which is a command-line (CLI) only protocol. We'll be diving into CLI in more detail during our next lab.

Requirements: An SSH Client
# Windows: Use the built-in '''Command Prompt''' application.
# macOS/Linux: Use the built-in '''Terminal''' application.

For all clients:
# In the Linux EC2 Instance summary page, click the ''Connect'' button.
# In the new ''Connect to instance'' page, click on the '''SSH client''' tab.
# Copy the example command near the bottom of the page. (Use your example command, not the one from the screenshot in this lab!)
# Choose the proper OS below and continue.

On Windows, Using Command Prompt:
# Open '''Command Prompt'''.
# Change directories to your default Downloads folder with the following command: <code>cd Downloads</code> (If you saved your .pem file elsewhere, navigate there. Or move the .pem file into Downloads.)
# Paste the example command from the ''Connect to instance'' page, and press Enter.
# The SSH command will ask you to confirm connecting. Type ''yes'' and press Enter.
# If login is successful, you should see a prompt like this: <code>[ec2-user@ip-172-31-95-114 ~]$ </code>
# To prove you've completed this section, run the following: <code>echo "My name is ''insertFullName'', and I've completed the Linux VM investigation." > ~/lab2.txt</code>
# To quit, type <code>exit</code>.

On macOS/Linux, Using Terminal:
# Open '''Terminal'''.
# Change directories to your default Downloads folder with the following command: <code>cd Downloads</code> (If you saved your .pem file elsewhere, navigate there. Or move the .pem file into Downloads.)
# Change the file permissions of your .pem file with this command: <code>chmod 400 *.pem</code>
# Paste the example command from the ''Connect to instance'' page, and press Enter.
# The SSH command will ask you to confirm connecting. Type ''yes'' and press Enter.
# If login is successful, you should see a prompt like this: <code>[ec2-user@ip-172-31-95-114 ~]$ </code>
# To prove you've completed this section, run the following: <code>echo "My name is ''insertFullName'', and I've completed the Linux VM investigation." > ~/lab2.txt</code>
# To quit, type <code>exit</code>.

== Part 3: Managing your Linux VM from the AWS UI ==
Managing your Linux-based VM is much the same as with your Windows VM from Investigation 1. The major difference is shutting down. As with the Windows Server VM, '''shutting down your VM when you aren't using it is essential to responsible usage'''.

You have two options to shut down your Linux VM:
# From within Linux: Log back in to the Linux VM via SSH, and run the following command: <code>sudo systemctl poweroff</code>
# From AWS: In the EC2 ''Instance summary'' page for the VM, use the '''Instance state''' drop-down menu and select '''Stop Instance'''.

Either way will fully shutdown the VM properly.

That's it!

= References =
* '''What is Amazon EC2?''' (Windows Instances) - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/concepts.html
* '''What is Amazon EC2?''' (Linux Instances) - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/concepts.html

= Lab Submission =
[[Image:Ops705_lab2_fig20.png|thumb|right|500px|Figure 6. Example of the SSH text portion for screenshot #4.]]
Submit to Blackboard's ''Lab Submission'' section full-desktop screenshots (PNG/JPG) of the following:
# The Instance details page for the Windows VM you created in this lab, powered on.
# A running RDP connection to this new VM, with the text file you created open in Notepad. (Do not fullscreen Notepad.)
# The Instance details page for the Linux VM you created in this lab, powered on.
# A running SSH connection to this new VM, and the following commands run and its output visible onscreen: <code>hostnamectl; cat ~/lab2.txt</code>
# The EC2 Instances page, with all currently created VMs listed and powered on.

'''Your professor will not check your lab until the screenshots have been submitted.'''

Make sure to fully stop your VMs when you're done, and don't delete it!

[[Category:OPS705]]
[[Category:OPS705 Labs]]
[[Category:Digital Classroom]]
[[Category:Winter 2021]]